Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious skin disease that manifests as red patches covered with scales. These well-defined lesions cause itching and typically appear on the knees, elbows, or scalp.

The course of this autoimmune inflammatory condition varies greatly among different patients. In some cases, it barely presents any symptoms, while in others, it shows in a widespread manner and can become disabling. In most cases, it appears in cycles that may last weeks or even months and then subside for a period.

There is still no cure for psoriasis, but there are treatments that help control the symptoms until they almost disappear. Additionally, some habits can be adopted to improve the quality of life for those suffering from this disease.

Symptoms

There are some clear and common symptoms across the different types of psoriasis, which include:

• Skin rash of various sizes, usually covered with scales, unless it appears in body folds.
• Intense itching, which is not related to the size or severity of the lesions.
• Dry and cracked skin.

The appearance of the patches varies depending on the type of psoriasis:

• Guttate psoriasis: These have a drop-like shape and appear on the arms, legs, and torso.
• Pustular psoriasis: Blisters filled with pus form on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, or large areas of the body.
• Plaque psoriasis: These are dry patches covered with scales. This is the most common form of the disease.
• Inverse psoriasis: This type presents smooth, inflamed patches in skin folds.

Nail psoriasis: Causes changes in color, abnormal growth, or grooves. Scalp psoriasis: May cause slight flaking or form a thick crust beneath the hair.

Causes

The primary cause of psoriasis is a malfunction in the immune system, which regenerates skin cells at a faster rate than normal. This accelerated cellular renewal process leads to an accumulation of cells on the surface, creating the typical scales of the disease.

External factors also play a role, such as the use of certain medications, the rapid discontinuation of corticosteroids, some infections, emotional stress, trauma, exposure to dry and cold environments, or excessive alcohol intake.

Risk Factors

Although anyone can develop psoriasis, there are some factors that may increase the risk of developing it:

• Family history: As it is a genetically inherited condition.
• Smoking: The risk increases with the amount of tobacco consumed and the duration of smoking.
• Alcohol consumption: Can worsen symptoms and reduce the effectiveness of medications.
• Obesity: Flares are more frequent and severe in people who are overweight.

Complications

People with psoriasis are more likely than the general population to develop other conditions such as:

• Psoriatic arthritis: Causes inflammation with pain and stiffness in the joints.
• Depression or low self-esteem: Exacerbated by the discomfort caused by itching.
• Other autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease.
• Changes in skin pigmentation in areas where plaques have appeared (Woronoff’s ring).

Prevention

Due to its genetic nature, psoriasis cannot be prevented. However, some habits can be adopted to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life during flare-ups. These include:

• Eating a healthy diet rich in Omega-3, which has anti-inflammatory effects.
• Engaging in physical activity, which improves physical health and helps with weight loss, a key aggravator of the disease.
• Avoiding the use of sponges.
• Using mildly acidic cosmetic products.
• Keeping the skin hydrated.