Pain when walking is not normal: a warning sign that may indicate a serious vascular disease

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common and potentially serious vascular condition that affects the arteries responsible for supplying blood to the limbs, especially the legs. Despite its impact on health, it remains underdiagnosed, largely due to a lack of awareness of its early symptoms.

From the Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department at Ruber Internacional Hospital, specialists emphasize the importance of early identification of this disease to prevent serious complications such as ulcers, infections, gangrene, or even amputation.

"The problem is that many patients do not seek medical attention because they normalize symptoms such as pain when walking or leg fatigue," explains Dr. Pablo Gallo González, Head of the Department. "However, that pain that appears with exertion and disappears at rest—known as intermittent claudication or ‘window shopper’s syndrome’—is a clear warning sign."

A disease linked to cardiovascular health

PAD occurs when arteries narrow or become blocked, usually as a result of atherosclerosis, a process in which plaques made up of fat, cholesterol, and calcium build up on arterial walls. This reduces blood flow and compromises oxygen supply to tissues.

Beyond affecting the limbs, this condition is closely linked to overall cardiovascular risk. "Peripheral arterial disease not only affects the legs; it is a marker of systemic disease," says Dr. Santiago Zubicoa, an interventional radiologist specializing in vascular pathology at the hospital. "These patients have a higher risk of heart attack or stroke, which makes early diagnosis essential."

Risk factors and symptoms

Age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol are among the main risk factors. Of these, tobacco use stands out as the most significant and modifiable.

In its early stages, the disease may not present obvious symptoms, making detection difficult. However, as it progresses, signs may include leg pain when walking, a sensation of coldness, changes in skin color, or wounds that heal poorly.

"When pain appears even at rest or skin lesions develop, we are dealing with advanced stages that require urgent attention," warns Dr. Gallo.

Simple diagnosis and effective treatments

Diagnosis of PAD is based on medical history, physical examination, and non-invasive tests such as the ankle-brachial index or arterial Doppler ultrasound, which assess blood flow and detect blockages.

Regarding treatment, specialists emphasize the importance of addressing risk factors. "Quitting smoking, controlling diabetes and blood pressure, exercising, and following a balanced diet are fundamental pillars," stresses Dr. Gallo González.

Additionally, there are pharmacological treatments that help reduce the risk of complications, as well as minimally invasive techniques such as angioplasty or stent placement. "In more severe cases, vascular surgery may be necessary," notes Dr. Zubicoa.

Prevention and awareness: key to reducing its impact

Peripheral arterial disease represents a significant health problem, especially in an increasingly aging population. However, in many cases it can be prevented through healthy lifestyle habits.

"It is important for the public to be aware of this disease and to seek medical advice at the first symptoms," concludes Dr. Zubicoa. "A timely diagnosis can make the difference between a controlled condition and irreversible complications."