Sleepwalking

Sleepwalking is a type of sleep disorder (parasomnia) that involves performing certain complex motor actions while asleep, such as sitting up, keeping the eyes open, or walking. It typically occurs during stages III (transitional) or IV (deep sleep), during the non-REM sleep phase, when the body is in complete relaxation. Symptoms usually appear after one or two hours of sleep at night, as it is rare for them to occur during the day. It is common for the first signs of sleepwalking to appear between four and six years of age. Although in most cases it disappears around the age of ten, it can occasionally persist into adulthood.

Although sleepwalking itself is not dangerous, some of its symptoms, such as walking while asleep, can lead to injuries. Therefore, it is important to take protective measures during sleep to prevent complications.

Symptoms

Some of the most characteristic symptoms of sleepwalking include:

• Getting up and walking.
• Sitting up in bed.
• Opening the eyes.
• Speaking, usually in unintelligible words.
• Performing automated activities such as dressing.
• Night terrors.
• Difficulty waking up.
• Not remembering the episode the next day.

In more complex, and less common, cases, sleepwalkers may:

• Go outside.
• Drive.
• Act violently.

Causes

The exact causes of sleepwalking are currently unknown, although research suggests that the following factors may contribute:

• Genetics, as it has a hereditary component.
• Sleep deprivation.
• Stress.
• Fever.
• Alcohol consumption.
• Certain medications, such as those treating psychiatric conditions or sedatives.
• Sleep disorders related to abnormal breathing patterns.
• Restless leg syndrome.

Risk Factors

There is a higher likelihood of being a sleepwalker when there is a family history and if the individual is under ten years old (childhood sleepwalking).

Complications

Sleepwalking does not cause complications in the body. However, some of the actions performed while asleep can lead to:

• Injuries from bumps or falls.
• Daytime sleepiness and difficulty performing daily activities.
• Aggressive behaviors that harm others.
• Problems with social relationships.

Prevention

Sleepwalking, especially when it is genetically determined, cannot always be prevented. However, it is recommended to avoid alcohol consumption and maintain a good sleep routine to prevent some episodes.

Which doctor treats sleepwalking?

Sleepwalking is studied and diagnosed in the sleep unit. Psychologists and psychiatrists may be involved in the treatment.