Bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower respiratory tract that affects children under two years of age (most commonly those under 6 months). It usually occurs between November and April.

The virus most frequently responsible is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

síntomassíntomasSymptoms

Symptoms

After 3–4 days of cold-like symptoms (cough, runny nose), breathing difficulty may appear (rapid breathing, ribs becoming visible when breathing, marked abdominal movement). The child may also have a fever.

Warning signs

  • Increased difficulty breathing or faster breathing; ribs are visible, excessive abdominal movement, chest retractions, or pauses in breathing lasting several seconds.
  • Eating very little, tiring during feeds, vomiting.
  • Episodes of stopped breathing or changes in skin color (bluish, pale).
  • Poor general condition, excessive sleepiness, irritability.

TratamientoTratamientoTreatment

Treatment

  • Nasal washes with saline solution and gentle suction of nasal mucus to help the child breathe better (only if there is mucus; preferably before feeding).
  • Keep the child slightly elevated (raise the head of the crib by placing a folded towel under the mattress).
  • Offer their usual diet in small, frequent feedings.
  • Offer fluids (water, bottle feeds, breastfeeding) in small, frequent amounts to maintain good hydration.
  • Do not overdress the child. Maintain room temperature around 20°C (68°F).
  • Provide a calm environment.
  • Avoid daycare attendance.
  • Avoid exposure to smoke (tobacco or other types).

Course of the Illness

  • Some children may require hospital treatment (oxygen, nebulized hypertonic saline, bronchodilators).
  • After having bronchiolitis, some children may experience similar episodes in the future (cough, breathing difficulty).
Specialties:
  • Paediatrics