I can't burp: the unknown disorder that affects the lives of many patients

Most people don't notice how easy it is to burp when the body needs to. However, there is a little-known condition that prevents this function and can significantly affect the lives of those who suffer from it. This is retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction, a disorder of the upper oesophageal sphincter that blocks the release of air accumulated in the oesophagus and prevents normal burping.

‘It is a very specific problem, but at the same time very limiting for the patient. Those who suffer from it feel that something is not working properly in their body, but often do not know that there is a diagnosis and, more importantly, a treatment,’ explains Dr Raimundo Gutiérrez Fonseca, an ENT specialist at the Ruber Internacional Centro Médico Habana.

The clinical picture of this dysfunction is broad and, in many cases, confused with other problems. Among the most common symptoms are total or very limited inability to burp, pressure in the neck or chest, bubbling noises in the throat, non-cardiological chest pain, constant bloating, difficulty breathing, the need to sigh repeatedly, and discomfort when speaking or singing.

Dr Raimundo G. FonsecaThis set of symptoms not only affects physical health, but also emotional well-being: ‘Anxiety, social isolation or discomfort at gatherings and meals with friends are common in these patients,’ says the specialist.

Widespread ignorance about this dysfunction means that many people go years without receiving a clear diagnosis. It is not uncommon for it to be confused with digestive disorders, anxiety or even psychosomatic problems, which delays the search for solutions.

For Dr. Gutiérrez Fonseca, raising awareness of this condition is key. ‘Although it may sound anecdotal, not being able to burp affects the lives of those who suffer from it. Breaking the silence and spreading the word that this disorder exists is the first step in helping those who have been living with it for years without clear answers.’

Effective and personalised solutions

The good news is that there are therapeutic options available. In milder cases, dietary changes or postural manoeuvres may be recommended. In more complex cases, otolaryngology offers advanced treatments capable of restoring normal function to the upper oesophageal sphincter.

‘The diagnosis is made in consultation with a specialist ENT examination, and in some cases, studies are used to assess the functioning of the sphincter. From there, we design a personalised strategy for each patient, depending on the severity of their symptoms and their anatomy,’ explains Dr Raimundo Gutiérrez Fonseca.

Living without discomfort is possible

The message from the experts is clear: this is a real problem, with a name and a solution. Identifying it early can prevent years of discomfort and open the door to a fuller life.

‘We encourage anyone with these symptoms to consult a specialist. Today, we have treatments that allow patients to return to normal and significantly improve their quality of life,’ concludes Dr. Gutiérrez Fonseca.