Streptococcal Infection

Streptococcal infections are very common, especially among children. Although they can vary widely in nature, they typically affect the respiratory system and throat.

Streptococcus is a bacterium belonging to the cocci genus, characterized by its spherical shape and chain-like formation. In fact, the prefix "strepto" comes from the Greek word streptos, meaning twisted or braided. Streptococci are generally classified as follows:

• Group A Streptococcus can cause pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, glomerulonephritis, and rheumatic fever.
• Group B Streptococcus is associated with neonatal sepsis.
• Other types of Streptococcus.

Although streptococcal infections are usually mild, they can pose a health risk for newborns or adults with chronic illnesses.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the type of infection caused by Streptococcus. The most significant include:

• Pharyngitis: Sore throat, fever, inflammation, and redness of the throat and tonsils.
• Scarlet fever: Rash, fever, sore throat, and nausea.
• Impetigo: Skin ulcers with yellowish crusts.
• Necrotizing fasciitis: Fever, pain, chills, and tenderness in the affected muscle tissue. This is a severe condition.
• Pneumonia: Fever, chills, chest pain, and cough.
• Meningitis: Fever, chills, sensitivity to light, headache, neck stiffness, and vomiting.
• Glomerulonephritis: Swelling, increased need to urinate, fatigue, and anemia.

Causes

Streptococcal infections are caused by contact with infected individuals or through droplets of fluid (aerosols) released into the air when someone talks, coughs, or sneezes.

Risk Factors

The main risk factor for contracting a streptococcal infection is being in close contact with people who carry the bacteria. Respiratory infections are more likely to spread in winter and early spring.

Additionally, pregnant women carrying group B Streptococcus can transmit the bacteria to their baby during childbirth. To prevent this, intravenous antibiotics are typically administered after their water breaks.

Complications

Each type of streptococcal infection can lead to different complications. However, complications are most common in newborns, children under two years old, adults over 65, and individuals with chronic illnesses or weakened immune systems.

Prevention

Avoiding contact with people infected with Streptococcus is the best way to prevent the disease. Treating asymptomatic pregnant women prevents infection in newborns.

Which doctor treats streptococcal infections?

Streptococcal infections are treated by pediatricians and general practitioners. In some cases, an infectious disease specialist may be needed for further evaluation.