Fundus Examination
A fundus examination is a study of the posterior structures of the eyeball used in the diagnosis of various ocular pathologies.
General Description
The fundus examination, commonly referred to as a fundus exam, is a routine procedure in ophthalmologic check-ups that allows for the observation of the characteristics and morphology of the posterior segment of the eye.
This procedure enables the detection of various diseases affecting ocular structures or the monitoring of previously diagnosed pathologies. The examination focuses on the study of the optic nerve, macula, retina, choroid, and the blood vessels supplying these structures.
When is it indicated?
The fundus exam is usually included in routine testing to assess the patient’s ocular health, especially in individuals with diabetes or multiple sclerosis. Its purpose is the early diagnosis of conditions where timely treatment is essential: glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, or macular degeneration.
It is requested on a case-by-case basis in patients reporting distorted vision, loss of visual acuity, color perception changes, or the appearance of light flashes or floaters. It is also indicated in myopic patients in whom the peripheral retina may be fragile and/or thin, to ensure there is no risk of retinal detachment.
How is it performed?
The first step is pupil dilation, which facilitates visualization of the retina. Once the medication takes effect, the examination proceeds:
- With an ophthalmoscope: A light beam is projected through the pupil, providing a two-dimensional image of the posterior segment of the eye. Each eye is examined separately.
- With a slit lamp: The patient’s head is supported by specific chin and forehead rests. The specialist positions in front of the patient and uses special lenses to capture three-dimensional images of the eye. Both eyes can be viewed simultaneously.
Risks
The fundus examination poses no health risk and does not produce side effects.
What to expect from a fundus examination
The fundus exam is an outpatient procedure, and the patient can return home after it is completed. It is advisable to be accompanied, as the effects of pupil dilation last several hours, during which vision is blurred. Sunglasses are recommended upon leaving due to potential discomfort from sunlight.
The procedure is quick, lasting only a few minutes, and non-invasive. Therefore, it does not cause pain or discomfort. The patient only needs to keep their eyes fully open without blinking while the specialist performs the exam.
Results are provided during the consultation.
Specialties in which the fundus examination is requested
The fundus examination is performed within the field of Ophthalmology.
How to prepare
No special preparation is required for a fundus examination, except that patients should attend without contact lenses.
