Computed Tomography (CT) Scan of the Stomach
A stomach CT scan is a non-invasive procedure used to analyze the condition of the stomach’s structures. It uses low-dose radiation and is safe for patients.
General Description
Computed tomography (CT) of the stomach is an imaging test that uses X-rays to obtain high-quality, three-dimensional images of stomach tissues. Although it can focus specifically on the stomach, it is often part of a full abdominal CT scan.
The stomach wall appears in light gray tones, while the internal space (lumen) is darker. Blood vessels show varying shades depending on blood density. When contrast is used, tissues that absorb it appear brighter, making them easier to analyze.
Besides detecting abnormalities or diseases, stomach CT scans help evaluate treatment progress and plan surgeries.
When is it indicated?
Stomach CT is commonly used to diagnose or stage stomach cancer. It is also helpful for detecting gastritis, hiatal hernia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
The stomach CT scan is contraindicated for pregnant and breastfeeding women. In pediatric patients, the benefits and risks are weighed carefully. Use of contrast is avoided in patients with heart, kidney, or thyroid conditions.
How is it performed?
The procedure follows these steps:
- The patient lies on a radiology table.
- Contrast may be administered to enhance tissue visibility.
- The table moves into the CT scanner’s circular tube.
- The device rotates around the patient while emitting X-rays.
- Radiation passing through the body is captured in cross-sectional images between 1 and 10 millimeters thick.
- Structures appear lighter or darker depending on how much radiation they block. Vessels and tumors that absorb contrast appear bright and easy to identify.
- The computer overlays slices to create a 3D image of the stomach.
Risks
Although X-rays are used, stomach CT does not pose a significant health risk. The typical radiation dose is 6 millisieverts, equivalent to two years of natural background radiation in a clean environment.
Allergic reactions to contrast are rare but may cause mild symptoms such as itching, rash, or headache.
What to expect during a stomach CT scan
Patients change into a hospital gown and remove any metal items (jewelry, hairpins, glasses, hearing aids, dentures). Then, they lie face up on the table.
Contrast may be given intravenously to highlight vessels and tumors or orally to enhance the stomach. Intravenous contrast can cause a sensation of warmth, rapid heartbeat, or flushing, while oral contrast may leave a metallic taste temporarily.
During imaging, patients must remain still. The scanner makes rotating noises, but these are not uncomfortable.
After the scan, normal activities can be resumed immediately.
Specialties requesting stomach CT
Radiologists perform the stomach CT and report findings to oncologists, general surgeons, and digestive system specialists.
How to prepare
Patients should fast for 6 to 8 hours before the scan.
On the day of the exam, wear comfortable, easy-to-remove clothing. Avoid makeup and leave metallic objects at home.
