Gynecological Ultrasound
The gynecological ultrasound is used to observe the organs in the uterine cavity. It can be used for routine check-ups or to diagnose diseases. The probe that generates the ultrasound waves and captures the images can be applied over the abdomen (abdominal ultrasound) or inserted into the vagina (transvaginal ultrasound).
General Description
A gynecological ultrasound is a test that observes the organs in the uterine cavity to rule out or confirm malformations or pathologies. To obtain the images, ultrasound waves are applied to the skin with the help of a transducer (a manual probe) that produces echoes when it comes into contact with the internal tissues. A computer converts these echoes into images of the organs.
Typically, the traditional technique is used, which provides two-dimensional, grayscale images. When it is necessary to observe blood flow, color Doppler technology is used.
During the gynecological exam, an abdominal ultrasound (extracorporeal test) or transvaginal ultrasound (intracorporeal test) can be performed.
When is it indicated?
A gynecological ultrasound is recommended during annual check-ups or when the patient experiences menstrual cycle irregularities or discomfort in the reproductive system. This test is used to examine the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix to ensure their characteristics are normal. These routine studies allow for the early detection of pathologies or diseases, such as cysts, fibroids, tumors, or physical abnormalities. This type of ultrasound is the one used to confirm a pregnancy.
The gynecological ultrasound is also performed on women undergoing fertility treatments to assess follicular development.
How is it performed?
The procedure varies depending on the type of gynecological ultrasound being performed:
- Abdominal ultrasound: A water-based gel is applied to the abdomen to enhance the clarity of the images. Then, the transducer, which is a manual probe, is placed on the skin and moved to observe all the organs on the monitor where the images appear.
- Transvaginal ultrasound: A smaller transmitter is used, which is covered with a latex protector and lubricated with gel to facilitate its insertion through the vagina. Once inside, it is moved slightly to obtain images, which are clearer due to the proximity to the organs, but are taken from fewer angles.
Risks
Gynecological ultrasound poses no health risks to the woman or the fetus during pregnancy. In rare cases, the transvaginal ultrasound may cause slight post-procedure spotting.
What to expect from a gynecological ultrasound
The patient remains lying on an exam table during the abdominal gynecological ultrasound, with her abdomen exposed. It is common to feel a cold sensation when the gel is applied and slight pressure when the specialist needs to obtain clear images from a specific point. This pressure may be uncomfortable but is not painful.
For a transvaginal ultrasound, the patient must remove her underwear and lie on the gynecological table with her legs apart. Typically, a gown or sheet is provided to cover the thighs. The insertion of the probe may be uncomfortable for some women, though it usually does not cause pain. In these cases, it is recommended to remain as calm as possible and relax the pelvic muscles.
The transvaginal ultrasound is indicated for sexually active adult or adolescent women. Therefore, young virgins will undergo an abdominal ultrasound, so they can attend the consultation with peace of mind.
Specialties where a gynecological ultrasound is requested
This type of ultrasound is requested in the specialty of gynecology and obstetrics.
How to prepare
Gynecological ultrasounds do not require specific preparation. However, when the woman is not pregnant or is in the first trimester, it is recommended to arrive with a full bladder for abdominal ultrasounds. If a transvaginal ultrasound is to be performed, it is recommended that the bladder be empty.
