PresbyopiaPresbyopia is the gradual loss of the eyes’ ability to focus on nearby objects. It is a natural part of the aging process of the eye and usually becomes noticeable around the age of 45, when we find that...
Prostate CancerThis is a malignant disease of the prostate, in which prostate cells become cancerous. It has a high incidence in developed or highly developed countries and accounts for 15% of all cancers diagnosed.
PsoriasisPsoriasis is an inflammatory disease that affects the skin. It is characterized by reddish, scaly, slightly raised lesions with well-defined borders. Although they can appear anywhere on the body, including...
PyelonephritisPyelonephritis is a urinary tract infection that affects the renal pelvis, parenchyma, and calyces. It originates in the urinary tract and ascends to the kidneys.Women are more commonly affected by this...
Retinal Arterial OcclusionsThe central retinal artery is the main blood vessel that supplies blood to the retina.This artery can become completely blocked due to an embolism (obstruction of a blood vessel by material traveling within...
Retinal DetachmentRetinal detachment is the separation of the retina from the underlying layers of the eye. It occurs when fluid accumulates between the retina and these layers.There are three types: rhegmatogenous (the...
Retinal Vein OcclusionsThe central retinal vein is the main vein that drains blood from the retina.An obstruction can cause sudden and painless vision loss. It may involve the main vein or one of its branches.Each type has different...
RosaceaRosacea is a chronic skin condition that can end up affecting the eyes. The reddening of the skin that it causes (hence the name) is characteristic, most notably on the face. It is more common in women...
Skin Cancer: definition, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatmentSkin cancer is the most common cancer in our body. Basically, there are two types of skin cancer: carcinoma (which can be basal cell or squamous cell) and melanoma.Carcinomas or epitheliomas...
StrabismusStrabismus is the loss of proper eye alignment, in which one eye becomes dominant (the fixing eye) and remains straight while the other eye deviates in any direction—vertical, horizontal, or oblique.
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)Stroke, also known as a cerebral hemorrhage, embolism, thrombosis, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), refers to the sudden interruption of blood flow to a part of the brain. The lack of blood and oxygen...
Testicular CancerThis type of cancer has been on the rise in recent decades, especially in industrialised countries.Risk Factors and SymptomsRisk factors include cryptorchidism and having a first-degree relative with the...
Triple-Negative Breast CancerTriple-negative breast cancer is one of the types of breast cancer that can be diagnosed. Its name comes from the fact that the results of three diagnostic tests performed on the...
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection – PediatricAn upper respiratory tract infection (common cold) is a viral infection of the upper airways (nose and throat) that presents with fever, sneezing, cough, and nasal mucus. Colds are very common during the...
Urogenital Syndrome of MenopauseVaginal dryness, although more common during menopause, is a problem that can affect women at any stage of life (due to the use of contraceptives, breastfeeding, postpartum period, peri- and postmenopause)....
Urothelial CancerUrothelial cancer originates in the pyelocaliceal cavities and ureter and accounts for 5-10% of urothelial cancers.Risk Factors and SymptomsThe most important risk factor is smoking. Its most important...
Uterine FibroidsUterine fibroids are the most common solid tumors of the female pelvis, affecting up to 70% of women. The highest incidence occurs during the fifth decade of life. They are symptomatic in approximately...
UVEITISThere are several parts of the uvea that can be affected: the iris (the pigmented part of the eye), the ciliary body (located behind the iris, responsible for producing the fluid that maintains eye pressure),...
Vulvovaginitis - PaediatricVulvovaginitis is inflammation of the external female genital region: vulva and vagina. It is very common in girls before puberty, between the ages of 2 and 7.
Vulvovaginitis: Candidiasis and Bacterial VaginosisVulvovaginal infections are a common reason for consultation, accounting for 20% of gynaecological consultations. 75% of women experience one episode of symptomatic vulvovaginitis during their lifetime...