Female and Male Urinary Incontinence. Pelvic Floor ProlapseThe pelvic floor is a muscular and ligamentous structure whose function is to keep the pelvic organs in place. It is crossed by three openings: the vagina, the anus, and the urethra. When these muscular...
Frontal Fibrosing AlopeciaFrontal fibrosing alopecia is a type of scarring or permanent hair loss in which an autoimmune inflammatory process
Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease – PediatricHand-foot-and-mouth disease is a viral infection (caused by enteroviruses), generally mild, that most commonly affects children under 5 years of age (with the highest incidence in children between 1 and...
Heart FailureIt is the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Heart failure has a dual effect. In addition to having areas that do not receive blood, there are others in which it remains...
HyperhidrosisHyperhidrosis is a sweating disorder characterized by excessive sweat production that is not necessarily triggered by exposure to a hot environment, intense physical activity, or situations of deep stress.
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)Hyperopia is a type of vision problem that makes it difficult to see nearby objects clearly. It occurs when there is a shortening of the anteroposterior axis of the eye or when the curvature of the cornea,...
Kidney Blockage (Urinary Obstruction)Kidney blockage is a condition in which, due to a narrowing or an obstacle in the urinary tracts, urine cannot flow normally though the urinary tract.Surgical techniquesThere are several surgical possibilities...
Kidney CancerThe incidence of kidney cancer has increased in recent years, being more common in developed and Western countries. More than 50.0% of kidney cancers are detected incidentally when imaging tests are used...
Kidney CystsCysts are sacs enclosed by epithelial cells which contain liquid inside them. Almost all kidney cysts are benign and are formed by the dilation of a segment or a collecting duct.Kidney cysts usually have...
Kidney Stones (Renal Lithiasis)Renal lithiasis refers to the presence of stones (calculi) in the kidney. It is estimated to affect around 5–6% of the population. If not properly treated, it can lead to various types of kidney dysfunction.
Low VisionLow vision is defined as any degree of visual impairment that significantly limits what a person can see, and this limitation cannot be improved with glasses, contact lenses, medical treatment, or surgery.
Macular Degeneration (AMD)What Is Macular Degeneration?Macular degeneration is an eye disease that affects the macula, a small area in the center of the retina responsible for sharp central vision needed for activities such as...
MelanomaMelanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It is a malignant tumor that forms in melanocytes (cells that produce the pigment that gives color to the skin). About 95% of melanomas develop in the...
Migraine: Definition, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and TreatmentMigraine is a neurological disease of genetic origin that, among other symptoms, causes recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache (cephalgia). These episodes can be highly disabling, significantly...
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)If you experience intense chest pain and think you may be having a heart attack, seek medical attention immediately. Acting quickly can save your life.A myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack,...
MyopiaIt occurs when the shape of the eye is too long or when the curvature of the cornea, the lens, or both, is too steep relative to the length of the eyeball. In some cases, myopia results from a combination...
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEAObstructive sleep apnea is a respiratory disorder characterized by episodes of partial or total collapse (closure) of the upper airway during sleep. These collapses lead to a complete (apnea) or partial...
Ocullfacial rejuvenationWhat are aesthetic concerns and signs of aging? A large proportion of aesthetic concerns and signs of aging are concentrated in the middle and upper areas of the face, an extremely delicate zone due to...
Oculomotor ParalysisEye movement occurs thanks to the nerves that innervate the extraocular muscles. If these nerves are unable to perform their function, the muscle cannot move, resulting in paralysis of the affected nerve.
Optic NeuritisClassically, the term optic neuritis is reserved for demyelination of the optic nerve. It is a condition that more frequently affects young women and has an incidence of approximately 5 per 100,000 inhabitants....
Optic NeuropathyThe optic nerve, or second cranial nerve, is responsible for transmitting visual stimuli generated in the retina to the occipital cerebral cortex for sensory processing. This nerve can be affected by various...
OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, is caused by alterations in the cartilage and is characterized by pain, stiffness, and loss of function in the affected joint.It is a common disorder...
Parkinson’s Disease: Definition, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and TreatmentWhat Is Parkinson’s Disease?Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder (surpassed only by Alzheimer’s disease) and affects more than 10 million people worldwide. In recent...
Penile CancerPenile cancer is prevalent in Western countries, among Hispanic populations, and in areas with a high prevalence of the human papillomavirus (HPV). It typically presents as a primary lesion in the form...
Premenstrual SyndromePremenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and its more severe variant, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, are a poorly defined clinical condition that group a wide variety of physical and/or mental symptoms that appear...